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• Increased frequency in urination
• Urgency to urinate
• Hesitancy in starting urination
• Frequent nighttime urination (nocturia)
• Leaking or incontinence
• Constipation

The most common problem is called "spastic" bladder. This happens when the bladder is unable to hold the normal amount of urine or does not empty properly. This can leave urine in the bladder and possibly lead to infection.

Constipation is another concern for people with MS. Constipation may be caused by too little fluid intake, by your intestinal tract slowing down, by increased inactivity and/or by certain medications used to control bladder symptoms.

Dealing with bladder/bowel problems related to MS

One way to treat a bladder problem is to change your fluid intake (e.g., limit fluid intake a few hours before bedtime or cut out caffeine). Also, your health care professional may prescribe medications to help treat bladder problems.

Get examined and treated early if you develop bladder or bowel issues, so that you can avoid any complications, like bladder infections.

Here are some tips that may help you deal with bowel and bladder problems:

• Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of fluid (preferably water) daily, but limit your fluid intake a few hours before bedtime to avoid frequent urination during the night.
• Avoid bladder irritants such as alcohol, caffeine and artificial sweeteners.
• Include plenty of fiber in your diet. Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grain breads and cereals all contain fiber.
• Add exercise to your routine.
• Use medicines such as stool softeners as recommended by your health care professional.
• Establish a regular time and schedule for emptying the bowels.
• Wait no more than 2 to 3 days between bowel movements.
• Enemas, suppositories and laxatives may be used to help a bowel movement—talk with your health care professional before using any of these options.

Your health care professional can help you establish an effective bladder/bowel management program. Occasionally, it may be necessary to consult a gastroenterologist. He or she is a health care professional that specializes in treating the stomach and bowel.

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